Joanne Hall
We use a new dataset of the universe of Greek corporate tax returns to study a voluntary tax compliance program for small firms. This “self-assessment” program prescribed target taxable profit margins (the ratio of taxable profits to revenues) for different types of activities. Firms that reported profit margins above these targets in a given year were exempt from audits in that year. We find that the firms that take up the program report significantly larger taxable profits than non-eligible firms, with some evidence for longer-lasting effects on tax reporting. Firms that take up the program for more years exhibit stronger effects. We also find that firms can easily and substantially manipulate reported revenue (decreasing it by up to 40%) to help meet prescribed profit margins without paying more in taxes. Overall, the program increased tax revenues collected from small firms, but points to a very large level of baseline under-reporting of profits and the ease of manipulating reported revenues. In this self-assessment program for small firms, the government posts target taxable profit margins for different types of economic activities. If firms that engage in these activities reported profit margins at least as large as the guidelines in a given year, they were guaranteed to not be audited for that year. Thus, despite not being a typical amnesty program, this program represents a partial, temporary “amnesty” from audits for the year the firms take up the program.